Infrared absorption spectra of metal carbides, nitrides and sulfides

The infrared absorption spectra of 12 kinds of metal carbides, 11 kinds of nitrides, and 7 kinds of sulfides, a total of 30 materials, were measured and the application of the infrared spectra of these materials to analytical chemistry was discussed. The measurements were done in the frequency (wave length) range of (1400 to 400/cm (7 to 25 mu). The carbides Al4C3, B4C, the nitrides AlN, BN, Si3N4, WB, and the sulfides Al2S3, FeS2, MnS, NiS and PbS were noted to have specific absorptions in the measured region. The sensitivity of Boron nitride was especially good and could be detected at 2 to 3 micrograms in 300 mg of potassium bromide

Cluster Heat Bath Algorithm in Monte Carlo Simulations of Ising Models

We have proposed a cluster heat bath method in Monte Carlo simulations of Ising models in which one of the possible spin configurations of a cluster is selected in accordance with its Boltzmann weight. We have argued that the method improves slow relaxation in complex systems and demonstrated it in an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising(ANNNI) model in two-dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, REVTeX, 2 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.Let

Bounds on Cubic Lorentz-Violating Terms in the Fermionic Dispersion Relation

We study the recently proposed Lorentz-violating dispersion relation for fermions and show that it leads to two distinct cubic operators in the momentum. We compute the leading order terms that modify the non-relativistic equations of motion and use experimental results for the hyperfine transition in the ground state of the ${}^9\textrm Be^+$ ion to bound the values of the Lorentz-violating parameters $\eta_1$ and $\eta_2$ for neutrons. The resulting bounds depend on the value of the Lorenz-violating background four-vector in the laboratory frame.Comment: Revtex 4, four pages. Version to match the one to appear in Physical Review

Coexistence of vector chiral order and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in the frustrated three-leg spin tube in a magnetic field

The frustrated three-leg antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 tube with a weak interchain coupling in a magnetic field is investigated by means of Abelian bosonization techniques. It is clearly shown that a vector chiral order and a one-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid coexist in a wide magnetic-field region from a state with a small magnetization to a nearly saturated one. The chiral order is predicted to still survive in the intermediate plateau state. We further predict that (even) when the strength of one bond in the three rung couplings is decreased (increased), an Ising type quantum phase transition takes place and the chirality vanishes (no singular phenomena occur and the chiral order is maintained). Even without magnetic fields, the chiral order would also be present, if the spin tube possess easy-plane anisotropy.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Revtex, published versio

Step Bunching with Alternation of Structural Parameters

By taking account of the alternation of structural parameters, we study bunching of impermeable steps induced by drift of adatoms on a vicinal face of Si(001). With the alternation of diffusion coefficient, the step bunching occurs irrespective of the direction of the drift if the step distance is large. Like the bunching of permeable steps, the type of large terraces is determined by the drift direction. With step-down drift, step bunches grows faster than those with step-up drift. The ratio of the growth rates is larger than the ratio of the diffusion coefficients. Evaporation of adatoms, which does not cause the step bunching, decreases the difference. If only the alternation of kinetic coefficient is taken into account, the step bunching occurs with step-down drift. In an early stage, the initial fluctuation of the step distance determines the type of large terraces, but in a late stage, the type of large terraces is opposite to the case of alternating diffusion coefficient.Comment: 8pages, 16 figure

Novel mechanism of photoinduced reversible phase transitions in molecule-based magnets

A novel microscopic mechanism of bi-directional structural changes is proposed for the photo-induced magnetic phase transition in Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues on the basis of ab initio quantum chemical cluster calculations. It is shown that the local potential energies of various spin states of Co are sensitive to the number of nearest neighbor Fe vacancies. As a result, the forward and backward structural changes are most readily initiated by excitation of different local regions by different photons. This mechanism suggests an effective strategy to realize photoinduced reversible phase transitions in a general system consisting of two local components.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Electro-spinon in one-dimensional Mott insulator

The low-energy dynamical optical response of dimerized and undimerized spin liquid states in a one-dimensional charge transfer Mott insulator is theoretically studied. An exact analysis is given for the low-energy asymptotic behavior using conformal field theory for the undimerized state. In the dimerized state, the infrared absorption due to the bound state of two solitons, i.e, the breather mode, is predicted with an accurate estimate for its oscillator strength, offering a way to detect experimentally the excited singlet state. Effects of external magnetic fields are also discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, some typos are correcte

Kinematics of Current Region Fragmentation in Semi-Inclusive Deeply Inelastic Scattering

Different kinematical regimes of semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes correspond to different underlying partonic pictures, and it is important to understand the transition between them. This is particularly the case when there is sensitivity to intrinsic transverse momentum, in which case kinematical details can become especially important. We address the question of how to identify the current fragmentation region --- the kinematical regime where a factorization picture with fragmentation functions is appropriate. We distinguish this from soft and target fragmentation regimes. Our criteria are based on the kinematic regions used in derivations of factorization theorems. We argue that, when hard scales are of order a few GeVs, there is likely significant overlap between different rapidity regions that are normally understood to be distinct. We thus comment on the need to take this into account with more unified descriptions of SIDIS, which should span all rapidities for the produced hadron. Finally, we propose general criteria for estimating the proximity to the current region at large Q.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 figures; minor clarifications and corrections, version appearing in Physics Letters

Four-spin-exchange- and magnetic-field-induced chiral order in two-leg spin ladders

We propose a mechanism of a vector chiral long-range order in two-leg spin-1/2 and spin-1 antiferromagnetic ladders with four-spin exchanges and a Zeeman term. It is known that for one-dimensional quantum systems, spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries is generally forbidden. Any vector chiral order hence does not appear in spin-rotationally [SU(2)]-symmetric spin ladders. However, if a magnetic field is added along the S^z axis of ladders and the SU(2) symmetry is reduced to the U(1) one, the z component of a vector chiral order can emerge with the remaining U(1) symmetry unbroken. Making use of Abelian bosonization techniques, we actually show that a certain type of four-spin exchange can yield a vector chiral long-range order in spin-1/2 and spin-1 ladders under a magnetic field. In the chiral-ordered phase, the Z_2 interchain-parity (i.e., chain-exchange) symmetry is spontaneously broken. We also consider effects of perturbations breaking the parity symmetry.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, RevTex, published versio

Tau functions for the Dirac operator on the cylinder

The goal of the present paper is to calculate the determinant of the Dirac operator with a mass in the cylindrical geometry. The domain of this operator consists of functions that realize a unitary one-dimensional representation of the fundamental group of the cylinder with $n$ marked points. The determinant represents a version of the isomonodromic $\tau$-function, itroduced by M. Sato, T. Miwa and M. Jimbo. It is calculated by comparison of two sections of the $\mathrm{det}^*$-bundle over an infinite-dimensional grassmannian. The latter is composed of the spaces of boundary values of some local solutions to Dirac equation. The principal ingredients of the computation are the formulae for the Green function of the singular Dirac operator and for the so-called canonical basis of global solutions on the 1-punctured cylinder. We also derive a set of deformation equations satisfied by the expansion coefficients of the canonical basis in the general case and find a more explicit expression for the $\tau$-function in the simplest case $n=2$.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figure